Monroe

According to a published this month in the Journal of Drug Education the smoking ban enacted in Monroe County. Indiana in August 2003 has led to a 70% decline in heart attacks among nonsmokers with no previous history of cardiac disease (see: Seo D-C. Torabi MR. Reduced admissions for acute myocardial infarction associated with a public smoking ban: Matched controlled study. Journal of Drug Education 2007; 37:217-226). The study compared the number of heart attacks among patients without prior cardiac disease or major cardiac risk factors in Monroe County with the number of heart attacks among similar patients in Delaware County a county in Indiana with similar demographics but no smoking ban. The data were compared for a 22 month period prior to the ban (August 2001 through May 2003) and a 22 month period following the ban (August 2003 through May 2005). The smoking ban was implemented in August 2003 and included all workplaces and restaurants. Bars were initially exempt but became smoke-free in January 2005. Analysis was stratified by smoking status of the heart attack patients. The paper reports a 70% decline in heart attacks among nonsmoking patients in Monroe County compared to only an 11% decline in heart attacks among nonsmoking patients in Delaware County. There was no significant change in heart attacks among smoking patients in either county. The authors conclude that the substantial reduction in observed heart attacks in Monroe County was attributable to the smoking ban. In a issued by Indiana University to accompany the publication of the study the authors claim that: "Exposure to second-hand smoke for just 30 minutes can rapidly increase a person's risk for heart attack even if they have no risk factors. The smoke which contains carbon monoxide causes blood vessels to constrict and reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the blood."The Rest of the StoryTo be blunt this study is crappy and its conclusions are completely invalid. This study would never have passed scrutiny with me had I been asked to review it. In fact the results of the study fail to support the paper's conclusion. While the press release sounds quite impressive if you take the time to read the actual study you'll find that the sweeping conclusion that a smoking ban reduced heart attacks among nonsmokers by 70% is based on a total of only 22 heart attacks. That's right. There were only 22 heart attacks among nonsmoking patients in Monroe County in this study between August 2001 and May 2005. And there were only 15 heart attacks among smoking patients in Monroe county during the study period. The sample size of the study is so small that it is ridiculous to conclude that the observed decline from 17 heart attacks (2001-2003) to 5 heart attacks (2003-2005) was attributable to the smoking ban. With sample sizes this small the variation in the number of annual heart attacks is expected to be enormous. There is no way that the study can determine that the observed decline was due to the smoking ban rather than simply to random variation in the number of heart attacks in this small geographic area (only one hospital was included in the study). More importantly perhaps if you look at the results you'll see that there is no significant difference between the change in heart attacks in Monroe versus Delaware counties over the study period. The confidence intervals around the estimates of the change in heart attacks in the two counties overlap widely. Based on the reported confidence intervals the decline in heart attacks in Monroe County could be as low as 3 and the decline in heart attacks in Delaware County could be as high as 13. In other words it is entirely plausible based on the study findings that the decline in heart attacks in Delaware County was greater than that in Monroe County. These results make it clear that there is no significant difference in the change in heart attacks between the two counties over the study period thus nullifying the study conclusion. I honestly have no idea how something like this managed to get through the peer review process and into publication. But it really doesn't matter. The point is -- the study clearly does not provide support for the conclusion that the smoking ban in Delaware County resulted in a 70% decline in heart attacks among nonsmokers. There are two other severe problems with the study which deserve mention (as if the above weren't enough). First only one hospital was included in the study. It was assumed that all heart attacks suffered by patients living in Monroe County would be picked up at Bloomington Hospital. This is not a fair assumption however. People travel and if a heart attack occurred while traveling a person would not present at Bloomington Hospital. Normally this would not be a problem. But with so small a number of total heart attacks even if one or two people had heart attacks while away from Bloomington this would render the study results invalid. Second the study excluded patients with a prior history of cardiac disease and those with risk factors for heart disease (such as high cholesterol and hypertension). However these would be the precise patients among whom a decline in heart attacks attributable to a smoking ban might be expected. This exclusion makes no sense. The rest of the story is that this study is another example of the junk science that passes muster these days in tobacco control research. It seems that studies which report a decline in heart attacks associated with smoking bans have an automatic green light regardless of their scientific merit. But the most unfortunate part of this story is that the press release contains the same fallacious statement that is being made by more than 100 anti-smoking groups. Without any evidence to support it the press release claims that 30 minutes of secondhand smoke exposure rapidly increases a person's risk of a heart attack even if that person is otherwise healthy (they have no risk factors for heart disease). In fact the press release offers an explanation for the increased risk -- as if it has already been proven to be the case. The explanation is that the carbon monoxide causes blood vessels to constrict and reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the blood. Well the truth is that hypoxia (reduced oxygen delivery) alone is not a cause of most heart attacks. You need to have restricted blood flow through the coronary arteries. More importantly the truth is that 30 minutes of secondhand smoke has been demonstrated not to cause constriction of the blood vessels supplying blood to the heart. Coronary blood flow was not decreased in subjects who were exposed to secondhand smoke for 30 minutes (see: Otsuka R. Watanabe H. Hirata K et al. Acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation in healthy young adults. JAMA 2001; 286:436-441). The press release basically seems to be making this all up as it goes along all in an apparent effort to support findings that are neither valid nor plausible.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2007/11/new-study-concluding-that-heart-attacks.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

from 12- 8 p m. For more information or to order a wreath please communicate Anna compel at 513-539-9813 or Peggy Abernathy at 513-539-7892. Proceeds from the sale of the wreaths will go toward the unify’s Civic Beautification Programs. The annual Christmas dinner will be at the Brandywine Inn on South Main Street in Monroe on Tuesday. December 11. 2007 at 6:30 P. M. Members and guest are cordially invited. The cost of the dinner will be $25.00. The menu includes Beef Tenderloin Melt vegetable salad homemade bread and non-alcoholic drink. Dessert is an extra charge. Reservations be to be received by December 7. 2007 and may be called to Peggy Abernathy at 513-539-7892. As is the tradition a $5.00 wrapped gift for exchange and judging ordain be move of the festivities along with pass singing and Christmas readings. The Monroe tend Club will again sponsor the Annual Christmas Lighting Contest. The go out has been set for December 21. 2007 beginning at 6:30 P. M. To be considered for judging you must be registered. Deadline for entries is December 19. 2007. In past years it was not necessary to register but with the growth of Monroe it is now needed. There undergo been many worthy displays in the past few years which were not registered. back up us make this a GREAT pass event by entering. The categories are: Entryway. Child’s gratify. Most Effective Use of Lights. Business and NEW this year. All White Christmas Light show. To enter to be entered in the judging gratify label Anna Hale at 513-539-9813 or Madonna Krol at 513-539-7101. Prizes will be awarded and wooden Christmas trees will be placed on the lawn of the homeowner until January 2. 2008.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://www.mainstreetmonroe.com/view_news.asp?nId=2989

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

from 12- 8 p m. For more information or to request a wreath gratify communicate Anna compel at 513-539-9813 or Peggy Abernathy at 513-539-7892. Proceeds from the sale of the wreaths will go toward the unify’s Civic Beautification Programs. The annual Christmas dinner will be at the Brandywine Inn on South Main Street in Monroe on Tuesday. December 11. 2007 at 6:30 P. M. Members and guest are cordially invited. The be of the dinner will be $25.00. The menu includes Beef Tenderloin Melt vegetable salad homemade cover and non-alcoholic consume. Dessert is an extra charge. Reservations need to be received by December 7. 2007 and may be called to Peggy Abernathy at 513-539-7892. As is the tradition a $5.00 wrapped gift for exchange and judging will be part of the festivities along with holiday singing and Christmas readings. The Monroe tend unify will again sponsor the Annual Christmas Lighting oppose. The date has been set for December 21. 2007 beginning at 6:30 P. M. To be considered for judging you must be registered. Deadline for entries is December 19. 2007. In past years it was not necessary to enter but with the growth of Monroe it is now needed. There undergo been many worthy displays in the past few years which were not registered. Help us alter this a GREAT holiday event by entering. The categories are: Entryway. Child’s gratify. Most Effective Use of Lights. Business and NEW this year. All White Christmas lighten show. To register to be entered in the judging please call Anna Hale at 513-539-9813 or Madonna Krol at 513-539-7101. Prizes will be awarded and wooden Christmas trees ordain be placed on the lawn of the homeowner until January 2. 2008.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://www.mainstreetmonroe.com/view_news.asp?nId=2989

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

New York Times and USA Today bestselling author Gena Showalter discusses beefcake books and her (mis)adventures as a published author. It's been nothing but cute cute cute over here at the Gena Showalter communicate. She jumped? I nearly fell of my head!How can such a tiny thing make such a loud noise??? This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar. -->

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://genashowalter.blogspot.com/2007/11/cute-overload.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

First piece of $15M Monroe Ave bridge opens in December The first segment of the new $15 million Monroe Avenue connect in Alexandria will change state Dec. 2. The three-lane continue of the bridge which runs through the 167-acre Potomac Yard development will include a reversible center lane to conform to morning and evening rush hour traffic. The opening of the new span will also allow demolition of the old connect and construction of the new bridge's second span slated to open in late 2008. The realignment and reconstruction of the bridge is being done by a joint venture of national homebuilders and and Lorton-based. LLC. The new bridge is expected to improve merchandise flow on nearby Route 1 and will provide access to Potomac Yard where Centex and Pulte are in the midst of a multi-phase project. When fully developed the site will include 1.8 million square feet of office space. 325,000 square feet of sell space. 1,683 residential units and a 300-room hotel. Find local business services by clicking on a category NEW! View today's top Washington. D. C business headlines with our new video feature. Growing: This entrepreneur took his fledgling business from the garage to global reach. Keeping customers happy: New owners have to hit the books to do things the old way. From the start: This firm has made money since the beginning. Learning customers: Behavioral marketing tighten lands funding. Investing in workers: Businesses are using charter schools to build workforces. Get the latest local business news delivered to your inbox. - Murphy Business and Financial Services Use of registration on this site constitutes acceptance of our. gratify read our A publishing partner with © 2007 American City Business Journals. Inc and its licensors. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced distributed transmitted cached or otherwise used object with the prior written permission of bizjournals.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://feeds.bizjournals.com/~r/bizj_washington/~3/188290373/daily21.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

First conjoin of $15M Monroe Ave connect opens in December The first segment of the new $15 million Monroe Avenue bridge in Alexandria will open Dec. 2. The three-lane span of the connect which runs through the 167-acre Potomac Yard development ordain consider a reversible center lane to accommodate morning and evening rush hour traffic. The opening of the new span will also allow demolition of the old bridge and construction of the new bridge's back up span slated to change state in late 2008. The realignment and reconstruction of the connect is being done by a joint go of national homebuilders and and Lorton-based. LLC. The new bridge is expected to improve traffic move on nearby Route 1 and will provide access to Potomac Yard where Centex and Pulte are in the midst of a multi-phase communicate. When fully developed the site ordain include 1.8 million square feet of office space. 325,000 square feet of retail space. 1,683 residential units and a 300-room hotel. Find local business services by clicking on a category NEW! View today's top Washington. D. C business headlines with our new video feature. Growing: This entrepreneur took his fledgling business from the garage to global reach. Keeping customers happy: New owners have to hit the books to do things the old way. From the start: This firm has made money since the beginning. Learning customers: Behavioral marketing firm lands funding. Investing in workers: Businesses are using charter schools to build workforces. Get the latest local business news delivered to your inbox. - Murphy Business and Financial Services Use of registration on this site constitutes acceptance of our. Please read our A publishing partner with © 2007 American City Business Journals. Inc and its licensors. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced distributed transmitted cached or otherwise used except with the prior written permission of bizjournals.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://feeds.bizjournals.com/~r/bizj_washington/~3/188290373/daily21.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

First piece of $15M Monroe Ave connect opens in December The first segment of the new $15 million Monroe Avenue bridge in Alexandria ordain change state Dec. 2. The three-lane continue of the bridge which runs through the 167-acre Potomac Yard development will include a reversible center lane to conform to morning and evening rush hour traffic. The opening of the new span will also accept demolition of the old bridge and construction of the new bridge's second span slated to change state in late 2008. The realignment and reconstruction of the bridge is being done by a joint venture of national homebuilders and and Lorton-based. LLC. The new bridge is expected to improve traffic flow on nearby Route 1 and will provide access to Potomac Yard where Centex and Pulte are in the midst of a multi-phase communicate. When fully developed the site will include 1.8 million square feet of office space. 325,000 square feet of retail space. 1,683 residential units and a 300-room hotel. sight local business services by clicking on a category NEW! View today's top Washington. D. C business headlines with our new video feature. Growing: This entrepreneur took his fledgling business from the garage to global reach. Keeping customers happy: New owners have to learn to do things the old way. From the start: This firm has made money since the beginning. Learning customers: Behavioral marketing firm lands funding. Investing in workers: Businesses are using contract schools to build workforces. Get the latest local business news delivered to your inbox. - Murphy Business and Financial Services Use of registration on this place constitutes acceptance of our. Please read our A publishing partner with © 2007 American City Business Journals. Inc and its licensors. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced distributed transmitted cached or otherwise used except with the prior written permission of bizjournals.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://feeds.bizjournals.com/~r/bizj_washington/~3/188290373/daily21.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

The MACSTEEL plant at 3000 E. Front St in Monroe could have a new owner early next year. Gerdau SA the largest Brazilian steelmaker ordain acquire the plant and other MACSTEEL facilities in Jackson. Mich. and Fort Smith. Ark. as move of a $1.67 billion merger with the vehicular metals unit of Houston-based Quanex Corp.. MACSTEEL's parent firm. The deal was announced by both companies Monday. The acquisition needs the approval of Quanex shareholders and regulatory agencies but is expected to be completed by the end of walk. MACSTEEL employs nearly 400 people at its Monroe plant which has existed since 1980. Mark Marcucci. MACSTEEL president said Gerdau is in the same type of business. "They're a global player," he said. "There's a lot of synergy on a global basis."He said the MACSTEEL plants represented themselves come up and Gerdau paid a high premium for them based on MACSTEEL's reputation."It ordain be business as usual and no planned changes at this time," Mr. Marcucci said. "It should be a good overall broach for MACSTEEL in the future in terms of future growth plans and as we be to the global future of the types of brace we alter."In addition to its three steel mills. MACSTEEL owns six processing plants. The company has about 1,600 workers and about $1 billion in annual sales. MACSTEEL purchased the Monroe move from North Star Steel Co about five years ago. The purchase ordain be the fifth in North America this year for Gerdau which is expanding outside Brazil and getting into more specialty products. MACSTEEL makes special bar quality brace which has risen about 65 percent in price in the past four years. MACSTEEL's products typically are used in vehicle parts such as torsion bars and construction applications."With MACSTEEL the Gerdau assort strengthens its position as a global special bar quality supplier with production in Brazil. Spain and the U. S.," said Andre Gerdau Johannpeter. Gerdau Group president and chief executive command. "This is one more step for Gerdau as an agent of the consolidation of the global brace industry and also in the specialty steel sector which has the automotive industry as its main consumer." He said it would change state new growth opportunities in the United States. The acquisition will make Gerdau Group the back up largest producer of desire specialty brace in the world."Gerdau will provide an excellent domiciliate for Quanex's Vehicular Products business as it continues to grow its brace presence in North America," said Raymond Jean. Quanex chairman president and chief executive officer. "Additionally this combination will provide the measure to compete more effectively in the increasing globalization of the vehicular industry."Gerdau's acquisition is move of a global consolidation of the brace industry. "It's following the customers," said Jeff Galow a Quanex spokesman. "Customers continue to get global and source globally and therefore so are the brace companies getting larger and more global."He said it's possible MACSTEEL ordain become a subsidiary unit of Gerdau. He added that Quanex saw opportunity in the sale and it wasn't the product of any dissatisfaction with the performance of the MACSTEEL plants or people."You will not find a exceed group of people in terms of professionally ethically smarts - it's just an absolute top-shelf institution and employees," Mr. Galow said.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://www.monroenews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071120/NEWS01/111200049/-1/RSSNEWS

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

If you missed this morning's story about a golden eagle afflicted with lead poisoning in Eastern Oregon go find a paper (or online of cover) and read it carefully. Very very carefully. Nope it's not about non-toxic shot used for waterfowl but it's change state.. lead poisoning in bald eagles was probably THE primary cerebrate all waterfowl hunters now use steel or other non-toxic shotshells. This golden eagle had a perilously high load of bring about in its system; so high in fact it has recovered but neurological damage will prevent it from ever hunting again on its own. Speculation about the source of the bring about is pretty simple since golden eagles aren't riparian and wet foragers like their grow eagle cousins. They range across prairie hit and canyonlands. .. In wounded animals we either injure and suffer or the remains of which we get laying out there in "gut piles," as a smorgasbord for scavengers. The message in this particular story is likely to be soon forgotten in tomorrow's cover but it ain't gonna go away. That pheasant I shot at and hit last week? It could easily go off and die somewhere out in the open where the sharp eyes of an shoot will bring it on the fly in a race to get there before hawks coyotes and other scavengers. Fortunately. I switched long ago to steel and non-toxic shot for all my observe hunting upland and waterfowl. But not everyone has and there are shelves and shelves of lead shotshells on sporting goods store shelves. As the story pointed out it only takes one pellet to corrupt the ingester. Eagles and other birds typically eject all the unusable parts -- bones feathers lead pellets etc. -- but by then the damage is done. Digestive juices have eroded the lead and the poison enters the system. suffer that wounded deer or elk this year and assume it made it because that blood trail finally gave out? Maybe it too wandered off somewhere and finally succumbed to the wound.. then got picked over by a critter that ingested a fragment from the bring about bullet.. and suffered or died unseen unheralded unwritten about... The golden shoot is certainly not an endangered species but some are and a recent development in California sets a precedent we hunters need to embrace as soon as possible. In an effort to protect the highly endangered California condor the express has enacted non-toxic rules for all ammunition used to hunt in the counties where the condor recovery program is carefully watching its released birds. All ammo. That includes the business end of high-powered rifle cartridges typically fashioned of bring about. Yes some ammo makers are slowly ever so reluctantly moving toward more manufacture of lead alternatives. They'd better go up. In fact. I may even buy stock in the first company that moves to crowd production because it's highly likely it ordain soon find itself in a seller's market. Stories such as the one this morning out of Hermiston are gonna get a lot more common soon. We be to get ahead of this curve before the anti-hunting displace does it for us.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://blog.oregonlive.com/billmonroe/2007/11/whoa_pay_attention.html

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam

Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1. 1926 – August 5. 1962) was a Golden Globe Award-winning American actress singer copy pop icon and sex symbol. She was known for her comedic skills and check presence and became one of the most popular movie stars of the 1950s and early 1960s. Get a real-time look beneath the surface in the with our tools and. Also see our original real-time tracking system. --> DIGG. DIGG IT. DUGG. DIGG THIS. Digg graphics logos designs page headers add icons scripts and other service names are the trademarks of Digg Inc.

Forex Groups - Tips on Trading

Related article:
http://digg.com/celebrity/Marilyn_Monroe_5

comments | Add comment | Report as Spam